Device for indicating the relative movements of the earth, sun, and moon



Feb. 19, 1924. a 1,484,174

J. J. DlVO DEVICE FOR INDICATING THE RELATIVE MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH,SUN, AND MOON Filed sept. 14. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 NVENTORVATTORNEYS.

Feb. 19 1924.

. ,J. J. DIVO DEVICE FOR INDICATING THE RELATIVE MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH,sun, AND moon 91:. 14.4922 2 Sheets-$heet 2 Filed $8 ATTORNEY atenteFeb. 19, 1924.

JOHN J. DIVO, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

DEVICE FOR INDICA'IING THE RELATIVE MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH,

SUN, AND

. -,MOON.

Application filed September 14, 1922. Serial No. 588,175.

T0 all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, JOHN J. Drvo, a citizenof Syria, governed by the Republic of France, residing at Brooklyn,county of Kings, State of New York, have invented an Improvement inDevices for Indicating the Relative Movements of the Earth, Sun, andMoon, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to educational appliances of the type used toillustrate relative movement or the earth, sun, and moon. The object ofinvention is to provide an improved device of the aboveclass which shallbe simple and compact in construction, and easily oriented to agree withthe particular time of year and to indicate the approximate time of day.

To these and other ends my invention consists in certain combinationsand arrangement of parts which will be pointed out with greaterparticularity in the claims appended to this specification.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is an assembly or exterior view of my invention.

Figure 2 shows'the operating mechanism with the sphere removed and is asection on the line 2-2 of Figure 4.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a section onthe line 4-4 of Fi re 3.

igure 5 represents the wiring diagram of the lighting circuits.

In the drawing the numeral 10 indicates a hollow sphere or globe(preferably of translucent material provide on the outside thereof withmarks to indicate the surface of the earth and also the meridians oflongitude and latitude. The sphere may be mounted on ball bearings 47and is fixed to the driving or actuating shaft 11 by means of the clampscrew 12 which presses the top of the sphere against the collar 13 fixedto the shaft 11. Located within the sphere is a stationary support 14 onwhich is rotarily mounted the frame 15' which carries lamps 16 and 17juxtaposed to the surface of the sphere and provided with reflectors 18.Fixed to the shaft 11 is the worm 19 which cooperates with the wheel 20mounted on the shaft 21 which is journaled in the frame 15. The shaft 21drives lamp 16 is fixed to the phase relation between the shaft 22,also. journaled in the frame 15,-bv means of the worm 23 and the wheel24. Motion from the shaft 22 is transmitted by means of gears 25 and 48to pinion 26 which is fixed to the sleeve 27 and rotatable on the shaftexample, have two one hundred teeth-and the pinion 26, fifty- 11. Gear25 may, for hundred teeth, gear 48,

nine teeth. The arm 28 supporting the sleeve, 27 and if desired theopposite end thereof may be provided with a pointer or index 29 adaptedto co-operate with aduations on the plate 30 secured to the frame 15. Asshown in Fi ure 5 an insulating sleeve 31 is fixed over th sleeve 27 andprovided thereon with a plurality of collector rings 32 with whichcontact the brushes 3.3 for carrying the current supplying the lamps 16and 17. on r the lower end of the shaft 22 is another gear 34 inengagement with teeth 35 on the periphery of the fixed support 14,whereby rotation of the gear 34 produces rotation of the entire frame15. With the above mentioned sizes for the gears 25 and 48 and pinionmay each be made with ten teeth, the gear 34 may be made with fourhundred teeth and the fixed support provided with fourteen hundred andsixty-one teeth on its periphery. As the globe and the light 17 are sogeared together as to' rotate in the same direction then the globe mustbe rotated three hundred and sixty-six and one quarter days in a year.This is because the light 17 representing the sun makes one revolutionin one year or three hundred sixty-five and one quarter days. But foreach revolution of the globe the sun moves ahead a fraction of itsrevolution represented by one over 'three hundred sixty-five and onequarter. Or in one year the sun gains on the globe an amount equal toits movement for one revolution of the globe and therefore in order thatthe globe should make 365.25 revolutions with respect to the sun, thatis light 17, it mustactually make 366.25 revolutions with respect to thestand 50. With ten teeth on each of gears 20 and 24 as mentioned aboveten pitch for the worms 19 and 23, the shaft 11 will rotate one'hundredtimes during one revo- 26, the wheels 20 and 24 frame 15.

light 17. But as this gear and shaft move in an orbit about the axis ofthe globe they really gain on the, globe an amount equal to t ieirmovement for one revolution of the globe, or one one-hundredth of arevolution of the shaft and gear, so that actually the shaft 22 and gear34 make only 3.6525 revolutions per year-relative to the Thus gear 14will have 3.6525 multiplied by 400, the number of teeth on gear 34, or1461 teeth. Frame 15 is provided with a vertically disposed slot 36 inwhich is guided the supporting arm 37 carrying the lamp 17. The innerend of the arm 37 co-operates with the angularly disposed fixed plate 38so that as the frame 15 rotates, the lamp 18 is caused to move up anddown in the slot 36. Secured on the lower end of the fixed support 14 isanother insulating sleeve 39 provided with collector rings 40 with whichco-operate the brushes 41 which are also part of the wiring circuit asshown in Figure 5. In order to firmly secure the frame 15 on the fixedsupport 14 the arm 44 may be arranged with a downturned flange/14 toengage the underside of the fixed support 14. If desired the support maybe provided with fift -seven seconds.

graduations adjacent its periphery, and an arm or pointer 42 providedfor co-operation with these graduations. The spring 43 shown near thetop of shaft 11 co-opcrates with collar 13 to keep the pinion 26 inengagement with its driving gear. The shaft 11 may be driven in anyappropriate manner, preferably by means of clock work whlch is adaptedto rotate the shaft once in twenty-three hours and approximately 56minutes, or twenty-three hours, fifty-six minutes and approximately"three seconds to'be more exact. This is because in twenty-four hours thelight 17 advances a distance equal to the distance a point on the globewould move in approximately four minutes or three minutes and However,this point an the light 17 would have to come together after twenty-fourhours in order that the globe and light 17 should be in proper relationto each other, and therefore the globe 10 must be speeded up by thisamount and it takes only twenty-three hours and approximately fifty-sixminutes to make one complete revolution on its support. The shaft 11 maybe made in two parts and provided with an adjustable connection 49,illustrated in Fi ure 2, whereby the upper portion of said s aft may berotatively adjusted relative to the lower portion and its drivingclockwork, not shown, for properly adjusting the position of the lampsaccording to the time of day. The clock work is enclosed. within asuitable casing 50 which will of course be provided with a suitable doornot shown, to give access to reserve the lamp 16 indicating that fromthe moon,

and the lamp 17 indicating a ray from the sun. By correctly andrelatively positioning the twolamps with a given point on the surface ofthe earth, it will be possible to show on my device the position on thesurface of the earth where a normal ray of light from the moon strikes,and at the same time show the location of a normal ray from the sun. .Ifthe globe or sphere is provided with meridians of longitude which may bespaced to represent either angular degrees or'units of time, it will bepossible with the device correctly oriented or the lamps in theircorrect position to tell the approximate time of day of a given point onthe surface of the earth. The variation in angular displacement betweenthe lamp 17 and the drive shaft or axis 11 may be used to represent thevariation in pos1- tion or declinationof the sun. Although I have'shownno such, similar device for use with the other lamp moon, it will beapparent that such may be added if desired. In the wiring diagram shownin Figure 5,1 lamps 16 and 17 as being connected in series since theselamps are of relatively smalf voltage, but, of wurse, they may beconnected in other ways desirable. l or purposes of ornamentationafigure 45 used to indicate the latitude ofsome particular point on thesurface of the earth, or may indicate the maximum declination of 16representing the have illustrated .the

maybethe sun at the time of the summer or winter solstice. In order toorient my device or movethe sphere 10 relative to the shaft 11 or thelamps 16 and 17, the clamp 12 may be unscrewed, when the globe may beeasily rotated to the desired position. The globe 10 may be convenientlythe halves joined along the line 46, in which event by loosening theclamp 12 the upper half may be removed in order, to rotate either thelamp 16 or 17 to its correct position relative to the other according tothe time of the year. p

b Among the advantage of my device may ture of being. self-contained,whereby I am made in cooperating enumerated its compactness and thefea-' light from the sun or the moon without'the use of the more.cumbersome devices which have been' previously used for such indicationand 1n which the sun or the moon is represented as being spaced ataconsiderable distance from' the earth. By constructing a device in themanner above indicated it may be properly oriented or easily set'tocorrectly indicate the season of the year and the time of day.' Mydevice is also capable of functioning as a time indicator or clock whenthe meridians of longitude are provided as suggested above.

I claim:

1. A hollow translucent globe having its surface outlined to representthe earth,

, means for rotating saidglobe once in approximately every twenty-fourhours, a lamp within said globe, mechanism. for rotating said lamp'oncein approximately twentynine and one-half days, a second lamp and asecond mechanism for rotating said second lamp once in three hundred andsixtyfive and oneuarter days.

2. The com ination of claim 1, with means for simultaneously changingthe angular displacement between the second lamp and M 1 the axis onaid'globe to correspond with changes in the declination of the sun.

3. A time indicator comprising the combination with a hollow translucentsphere having its surface outlined to represent the earths crust andprovided with meridians of longitude, of lamps within said sphere toindicate the relative position on the earths surface of normal rays fromthe sun and moon, and means for'rotating said sphere and said lamps tosimulate the relative rotation between the earth, sun, and moon.

4. In a device of the class described,sthe combination with a hollowsphere, of an axial drive shaft for rotating the same, a

stationary support within the sphere, a lamp juxtaposed to the suface ofthe sphere, a

second lamp also located near the shell oi 45 said sphere, a worm andshaft for driving both of said lamps from said axial shan'it,

gears driven by said worm for rotating said" lamps at difl'erent angularvelocities, and means for varying the angular displacement between atleast one of said lamps and said drive shaft. 4 In testimony whereof Iafiix'm'y signature.

- JOHN DIVO.

